There are four major segments of the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) customer base:

1. Utility-scale installations to support uninterrupted power supply to all customers;
2. Industrial and commercial installations;
3. Residential installations;
4. Military applications;

An absolute majority of BESS is based on lithium-ion technology. The technology that utilizes extremely rare and expensive raw materials, sometimes mined by underage slave labor, with supply chains originated within the adversary nations .

Reliable, inexpensive battery energy storage systems are essential for the national defense, commercial and private applications. Energy storage solutions for national security missions must not only provide reliable, energy-dense performance under extreme conditions, but must also be independent from the supply chains interruptions.

The Grid Guardian ZCA (zinc-copper galvanic couple with ammonia electrolyte) Battery is characterized by high current density, high volumetric energy density, low self-discharge rate, high energy utilization rate, high number of charge/discharge cycles, low temperature resistance and low cost.

Copper-zinc chemical electrical energy source is known since 1836, when John Frederic Daniell invented a copper-zinc electrochemical cell with sulfuric acid as electrolyte (Daniell Cell). However, quick self-discharge due to rapid corrosion of zinc in sulfuric acid is a major disadvantage of CIES with an acidic electrolyte.

ZCA solves the above problem while inheriting all of the advantages of the Daniell Cell. 

Grid Guardian ZCA Battery Specs:

• High current density - up to 5 A/dm2 of the cathode;
• Low electrode polarization - voltage reduction at medium currents of no more than 0.1 - 0.2 V;
• Significant potential difference of 1 cell - 1.5 V.
• Inexpensive and widely available materials: copper, zinc, ammonia solution.
• Low cost: about $60 per 1 kWh capacity (1 kWh battery weight is about 17.6 lb. - 8 kg).
• High theoretical specific energy - 360 Wh/kg.
• High practical specific energy - 150 Wh/kg.
• Large number of discharge-charge cycles without capacity reduction: over 1000 cycles.
• Low self-discharge - weight loss of the charged anode is no more than 1% per month.
• High energy utilization rate - up to 90% for the entire charge-discharge cycle.
• Service life - at least 10 years.
• Min operational temperature up to -40°F (-40°С).

One of the main advantages of the proposed system, it can be stored fully charged in its dry state without electrolyte. ​Adding the electrolyte activates the system.